Organizational Profile Pfizer Company Essay

Prior to a corporate wide restructuring effort, the Pfizer Corporation operated with a divisional structure. This divisional organization prevented realization of full organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Although this organizational structure provides for defined accountabilities, creation of professional development opportunities, and cultivates the process for local performance management, the divisional structure can create extreme inter-organizational competition, while requiring a duplication of functional specialists and inter-division personnel throughout each divisional area (Iqbal, 2008). Pfizer recently transitioned to a new structure which created an opportunity for clearly defined responsibilities and accountabilities, while eliminating the duplication of functionalities throughout divisional areas (Pfizer, 2007). The new structure promotes well defined objectives and additional organizational efficiencies (Iqba, 2008). The Matrix structure is, however, much more complex. Unlike the previous divisional structure, the organization now operates within an integrated model. This new structure creates multi-channel accountability through sharing of authoritative powers and a general decrease in organizational clarity (Iqba, 2008). Although the Matrix provides many advantages not seen through the Division structure, the organization must resolve structural deficiencies in order to achieve their defined objectives. Problem Selection and Rationale Pfizer’s new organizational structure is conducive to their company. The Matrix structure is an ideal structure within project-focused organizations (Johnson, 1990). For the Pfizer Corporation, who is driven by consumer demand, the Matrix structure creates an opportunity for flexible use of corporate resources. Within the Matrix environment, personnel may transition from one project to another, as needed (Johnson, 1990). Because Pfizer’s routine business activities involve research leading to the development and market introduction of new medicines, the demand for human capital within the company varies. The Matrix structure provides opportunity for efficient use of human resources within the organization. The introduction of the Matrix structure resulted in several problematic areas. Within the new environment, the functional manager assumes the ultimate roll of authority for the project at hand (Johnson, 1990). Unlike alternative structures, this is based on the project at hand rather than functionality; delays in processing, approvals, etc. are likely to arise through having narrowed executive leadership. Additionally, priorities can become variable leading to misalignment within the team. Pfizer Corporation has identified a problematic situation in which team members carry conflicting priorities (McKinney Rogers, n. d. ). The integrated structure has caused some concern within the functional teams. While the project manager’s priorities remain with the project at hand, the functional manager has often utilized time for training which has been known to consist of several consecutive days (McKinney Rogers, n. d. ). In these instances, the company’s authority has conflicting objectives of what should be done first. While the manager’s priority has been training, the leader’s priority remains completion of tasks related to the project (McKinney Rogers, n. d. ). This problem has paved the way for ineffective organizational leadership. Use of a matrix structure within Pfizer has significantly impacted organizational leadership. Within the matrix structure, the project manager provides direct oversight of the project at hand while the functional manager maintains authoritative powers (Johnson, 1990). This can cause confusion amongst the team, as the chain of command becomes diluted. The project manager’s main concern lies with the big picture of the project itself while the functional manager is accountable for the functionality of completing the job (Iqba, 2008). While the perception seems that these two aspects go hand in hand, the reality is that the seemingly diluted management can create chaos and discontent amongst the team. Identifying these problematic areas is the first step towards enhancing the organizational structure. Each of these areas negatively impacts the organization’s productivity, quality, and efficiencies. While the foundation of the matrix structure aligns with Pfizer’s company, the manner in which it is utilized should be examined. Minor modifications to promote effective operations will result in higher levels of productivity, employee satisfaction, and overall efficiency of operational processes. Recommended Solutions and Rationale When enhancing an organizational structure, determining solutions to identified challenges is a critical piece of the overall process. Identifying solutions consist of examining current practices, determining challenges, researching solutions, testing hypothesis, and then implementing recommendations. In an effort to overcome the above challenges, research was conducted and solutions uncovered. To overcome the delayed response time in things such as decision making and approvals, we recommend the implementation of management maintenance through regularly scheduled meetings. In doing this, it is our hope that Pfizer will be able to maintain a consistent stream of communication, efficiency, and execution. By having regularly scheduled meetings, employees and the management team will have specific time set aside for things such as decisions needed to be made and approvals needing to be signed off on. To overcome inconsistent priorities throughout the organization, we propose that Pfizer establishes a clear definition of goals and expectations through management. The project manager of who is technically working under the authority of a product and the functional manager should both be given the authority to make critical decisions (Thomas, 2006). This would ensure that all involved with the project as well as those working in a functional capacity would have a clear vision set and know that decisions are made based on that vision. By showing a united team between the two management roles, it should alleviate confusion within the team and priorities should remain consistent if in line with the overall vision. To overcome decreased effectiveness of organizational leadership due to multiple managers overseeing the same project from a different aspect we believe that training is needed at the managerial level. This training should be targeted at increasing the managers’ emotional intelligence in order to increase their leadership abilities effectively (Harmer, n. d. ). Ilard & Findlay (2006) found that emotional intelligence contributes to team effectiveness and productivity. With Pfizer working in a team environment, this training would provide managers with the tools to assess the emotional intelligence of their team and tap into the different personalities they are working with. A team’s probability of success is believed to be reliant upon having members of the team who work well together and each contribute to the overall purpose, goal, or task at hand (Ilard & Findlay, 2006). The usage of emotional intelligence would be beneficial to Pfizer because it would have with everyone being on the same page and be able to flex their personality style based on the team member that they are working with. The challenges described can all be overcome through dedication to improving Pfizer’s organizational structure by all employees. In an effort to overcome these challenges, Pfizer will build a strong bond between employees through a process that provides timely responses, consistent priorities throughout the organization, and increased effectiveness of organizational leadership. Solution Evaluation Metrics and Rationale It is common belief that â€Å"the companies that are best able to manage projects, programs, and portfolios align them with strategic goals† (PMI, 2008). In terms of a company’s ability to practice this type strategizing in its â€Å"every day† practice is referred to its project management maturity level. Obviously, the companies that are better at predicting their ability to execute are better at meeting their key business objectives. Therefore, â€Å"Companies with greater maturity should expect to see tangible benefits that include better-performing project portfolios, efficiencies that come with better resource allocation, and increased process stability and repeatability† (PMI, 2008).

Macroeconomic – Government Policies in Reducing Inflation and Unemployment

MACRO-ECONOMIC| Discuss the role of government policy in reducing unemployment and inflation. In your discussion make use of the diagrammatic representation of the macroeconomy developed in lectures in Term 2| Unemployment and inflation are factors that have negative effects on the performance of the economy as a whole. Therefore, policies to achieve low and stable price in? ation, a high and stable level of employment are big macroeconomics issues of our time.This essay focuses on discussing the role of government policy on reducing unemployment and inflation in relation to Keynesian and Monetarist approaches, including examples of impacts of expansionary fiscal and monetary policies on New Zealand economy. Fiscal policy is a demand side policy used by the government to help direct the economy by altering the level of expenditure and/or rate of taxes. Expansionary fiscal policy refers to increase government expenditure or a lower tax in order to inject into or withdraw from the circ ular flow of money respectively, this results a raise in aggregate demand and thus national income.On the other hand, deflationary (contractionary) fiscal policy is used by the government as a tool to control the pressures of inflation by reducing expenditure or increasing taxes, which thus reduce aggregate demand and preventing excessive inflation. Fiscal policy is used by Keynesians to increase/decrease public expenditure and cut/increase taxes during a recession/boom. When they decrease taxes and increase public expenditure, it encourages people to spend, thus raise consumer expenditure.This contributes the reduced unemployment (due to the increased public spending creating more demand and more jobs to increase the supply of goods and services), but an increased inflation (due to the increased spending and wage demands). On the other hand, when Keynesians use fiscal policy to increase taxes and reduce public spending, they cause higher levels of unemployment and lower levels of i nflation. This deflationary fiscal policy is usually used during a boom period.Figure 1 : Keynesians traditionally emphasises the role of fiscal policy as the key tool of economic management and views monetary policy simply as a backup to fiscal policy. They would argue that direct interest rate changes could be used to control aggregate demand. Whereas, Monetarism does not believe that government should intervene by managing the level of aggregate demand, they rather prefer the use of monetary policy to achieve a long-run view of price stability.Monetary policy involves manipulating the interest rate charged by the central bank for lending money to the banking system in an economy, which influences greatly a vast number of macroeconomic variables. In the UK, the government set the policy targets, but the Bank of England and the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) are given authority and freedom to set interest rates, which is formally once every month. Contractionary monetary policy ma y be used to reduce price in? ation by increasing the interest rate.Because banks have to pay more to borrow from the central bank they will increase the interest rates they charge their own customers for loans to recover the increased cost. Banks will also raise interest rates to encourage people to save more in bank deposit accounts so they can reduce their own borrowing from the central bank. As interest rates rise, consumers may save more and borrow less to spend on goods and services. Firms may also reduce the amount of money they borrow to invest in new equipment.A reduction in capital investment by ? rms will reduce their ability to increase output in the future. Higher interest rates may therefore reduce economic growth and increase unemployment. Expansionary monetary policy may be used during an economic recession to boost demand and employment by cutting interest rates. However, increasing demand can push up prices and may increase consumer spending on imported goods and s ervices. In some cases, lower interest rates may be ineffective in boosting demand.Therefore in March 2009 the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee announced that in addition to setting Bank Rate, it would start to inject money directly into the economy by purchasing assets such as government bonds or other securities – often known as quantitative easing. This means that the instrument of monetary policy shifts towards the quantity of money provided rather than the price at which the Bank lends or borrows money (Bank of England website) Fiscal and Monetary policies come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages.The most likely argument against its implementation is the substantial lag that accompanies both these policies, for example the time from when the policy has been implemented till the time its impact is felt in the economy. The following section will indicate how the expansionary Fiscal and Monetary Policies impact price stability (inflation rate: 1-3%) and full employment objectives of New Zealand. Both monetary and fiscal policies have a significant impact on inflation.An Expansionary Monetary policy results in lowering the interest rate (OCR) as previously mentioned that in turn increases the quantity of goods and services demanded at any given price level, hence contributing to shifting aggregate demand to the right. In a climate of recession, where money supply is limited, Inflation is not a significant factor in the decision making of the NZ government or the RBNZ Governor; on the contrary increase in inflation is rather seen as positive sign of growth during recession as it indicates an increase in demand.This is further evident by the recessionary climate resulting in a drop in inflation as quoted â€Å"Inflation is set to plunge over the next year, starting with a 0. 5% fall expected for Q4 2008. Retail spending is expected to be down significantly for November, as weak core sales were amplified by lower spending on fuel (petrol p rices fell by 16% in the month). Car sales could see a technical bounce after plunging by 14. 5% in October, but they will remain at very depressed levels. † The above quote underlies the fact that in the current environment an increase in inflation will be seen as a positive sign.The expansionary fiscal and monetary policy pursued presently fare well in a recessionary climate, however if they are pursued over a long period of time, then they could lead to creating an inflationary gap. An inflationary gap occurs when aggregate demand exceeds supply. This can thus result in â€Å"Overheating the economy† i. e. Actual GDP exceeds Potential GDP and leads to a significant Trade deficit and unemployment as well. Figure 2: Inflationary Gap The aim of full employment objective is to keep the level of unemployment in check. The increase of unemployment is accompanied with a recession, due to primarily a drop in aggregate demand.The impact of the expansionary fiscal and monetary policy as mentioned above results in increasing aggregate demand thus essentially resulting in people demanding and consuming more, which results in people buying more goods and services that consequently results in reducing unemployment as demand exceeds supply as opposed to the current scenario, and thus resulting in more people being employed to meet demand. The impact of this expansionary policy may lead to an increase in inflation; however in the short run there exists a trade-off relationship between unemployment and inflation as can be seen in the figure below.Figure 3: Philips Curve describing Inverse Relation of Inflation and Unemployment In conclusion, fiscal and monetary policies are tools used by most national governments to control the economy, including the term of reducing inflation and unemployment. Inflation and unemployment are factors that could give negative impact on the economy if either of them is high. Government needs to predict precisely the situation of t he economy to issue the right fiscal or monetary policies. It usually takes at least several months for policies to take fully effect. References: Lipsey ; Chrystal, 2011. Economics. 12th ed.United States: Oxford University Press. Bank of England, 2013. Monetary Policy .. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. bankofengland. co. uk/monetarypolicy/Pages/default. aspx. [Accessed 03 April 2013]. Biz/ed, 2013. Keynesian ; Monetarist attitudes to monetary policy. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. bized. co. uk/virtual/bank/economics/mpol/inflation/cures/further1. htm. [Accessed 03 April 2013]. FDS. OUP. COM. The role of government in an economy. [ONLINE]. Available at: http://fds. oup. com/www. oup. com/pdf/13/9780199154869. pdf [Accessed 03 April 2013]. Tutor2u, 2013. Inflationary Gaps. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. utor2u. net/economics/content/topics/inflation/inflationary_gaps. htm. [Accessed 03 April 2013]. Scoop News . 2009. Inflation expectations eased in NZ in early 09 [ONLINE] Av ailable at:http://www. scoop. co. nz/stories/BU0902/S00494. htm. [Accessed 03 April 2013]. Action Forex. 2009. Australian ; New Zealand Weekly: 2009 Inflation Profile Revised Down [ONLINE] Available at:http://www. actionforex. com/fundamental-analysis/weekly-forex-fundamentals/australian-;-new-zealand-weekly:-2009-inflation-profile-revised-down-2009011675377/. [Accessed 03 April 2013]. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, 2009.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 21

Essay Example It might not help in generating additional revenues in the short-run. But, it can enhance employee productivity in the long-run through maintaining a healthy relation with them and becoming responsible for their personal well-being. Again, through maintaining a good customer relation, the company can create a positive image in the society that will definitely help it in winning customer loyalty. Moreover, a good image can help a company in preventing implementations of government regulations on its activities that are sometimes known to be a consequence of popular public demands. This paper however, concentrates upon corporate social responsibilities, i.e., a corporate house’s concern towards environmental sustainability and climate changes and the strategies that a corporate should adopt to protect them (Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics, 2001). Environmental sustainability implies the measures that an organisation can take for the purpose of environmental protection and thus social welfare. It becomes a very important aspect of corporate responsibility since the well-being of the entire population as well as the future generation depends on it. Some important terminology being used in this paper while discussing the strategies that a company should ideally undertake for environmental protection and making room for climate changes are – Natural Resources – these are resources that are found in nature and are not necessary to be created artificially. Natural Resources can be of two types – exhaustible and inexhaustible. The former ones are those that cannot be restored once they are spent and hence need to be used with much care and concern. On the other hand, inexhaustible resources are those that could be restored and thus do not have a diminishing stock. So, it becomes an important corporate responsibility to protect these exhaustible natural resources and make as little use as possible of them, since everything in our nature

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example In the present situations, media has adopted diversified roles, and has therefore got immense popularity among the public, the media had offered much beyond entertainment to its viewers and readers, and has included different programs and articles with particular reference to business, modern technology, healthcare, space and many other happenings around the world (Arthur, 2005). The commercialization of the media is regarded as the excessive involvement of the advertisements into product, in the present days very element within the media is in quest to secure maximum financial gains through advertisement campaigns, but such media agencies have been cautious enough not to affect the quality of their product, and therefore such advertisement campaigns are preferred through which maximum financial benefits can be achieved by the media (Tharp, 2001). The advertisement plans has adopted a major shift, the focus from the publication of the characteristics of the brand has shifted to the psychological needs of the consumer. The consumer of the specific brand is highlighted for the brand promotion purpose, against the attributions of the brand itself. It is common to observe the photographs of the female models with every brand advertisement, the women body adds more spice to the brand, and be it foods or automobiles. The advertisement industry has observed success in their brand promotion for specific campaigns that involved women models in particular. Several factors have been identified which shall bring about appropriate understanding of the women inclusion on brand promotion i.e. the women itself is source of attraction for the male consumers, therefore the inclusion of the women in any of the advertisement ensures reasonable market shares of the male community. The women portrayed in these brands are glamorous and sexy; such p rojection is regarded as the convenient method for the brand promotion (Tharp, 2001). The inclusion of the

ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE Term Paper - 1

ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE - Term Paper Example From the different social reforms to organization of nursing programs, technology has taken the larger proportion of social changes in nursing (American Nurses Association, 2010, p. 130). According to the study, distance education is the answer to the nursing shortage being experienced in the United States in a way that students see distance education learning system associated with flexibility of learning in terms of time and place, access to more resources, more and varied teaching and learning strategies and individuation of learning (Carlton, Siktberg, Flowers & Scheibel, 2003). However, studies also find out that level of satisfaction was not as high compared to students who are involved in active learning and discussion. Other participants of the study even believed that learnings acquired through distance education are of poor quality and little educational value as there is laxity of human interaction or contact. Meanwhile, distance education also affects patient care and safety. Distance education has broadened the number of patients who will received medical and nursing care. Distance education can offer nursing care in the underserved population, who because of geographical, employment, and family responsibilities, cannot avail health services offered in the rural area. Patient’s safety in traveling to the healthcare areas is preserved as people have no longer have to go in far away areas. Economic crisis in U.S. began in 1990s and more women intend to enter a workforce capable of supporting the cost of living with fewer days of work but more money generated (Cherry & Jacob, 2011, p. 21). Shortage of nurses are experienced and advancement made in technology has increased health care costs. Thus, the professional nursing organization has the responsibility to uplift the standards of nursing profession and addressed the nursing shortage despite economic crisis. Likewise,

A-Level Law in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A-Level Law in Action - Essay Example For instance, in R v Steane, the accused lent his services to the enemy, in order to protect his family from harm. Consequently, his conviction was set aside6. Â  On the other hand, indirect or oblique intent arises when the accused can foresee the outcome, as being highly probable, and the accused does not desire that outcome. In Hyam v DPP, the accused’s intention had been to terrify the victim and not to cause her death, when he set fire to her house. Their Lordships upheld the conviction for murder, as the accused could anticipate that his actions could result in death or grievous bodily harm7. Â  In the present problem, Bob with the intention of killing Alice exploded a petrol bomb. As a consequence, Alice lost her life. Bob caused her death intentionally.This constitutes, the crime of murder, and Bob will be accordingly held liable. Â  In Goodfellow, the accused was convicted of constructive manslaughter, for having caused the death of his family, while attempting to set his house on fire. It is important to note that he had no intention of causing the death of his family8. Â  Bob had claimed that it was not his intention to cause harm to anyone other than his wife, Alice. This is untenable, on account of the doctrine of transferred malice. The letter states that if an individual has the Mens rea to commit a specific offense against a particular person, and if that crime had been committed by that individual against some other person, then the Mens rea is transferred to the actual victim. This is borne out by the decision in R v Mitchell, wherein the accused had caused the death of an old woman, by striking an old man who fell on that old woman. The latter died subsequently, due to the complications that had arisen in her treatment.

Video review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Video review - Essay Example That is, it could be fitted to be suitable to what the engineers or customers wanted. The traditional iron triangle of waterfall was more rigid and could not accommodate some alterations. The modifications included things that could suit new customer behaviours. Contrary to the traditional iron triangle of Waterfall the agile model allowed an accelerated time to the market and allowed for aligning of IT to the business. With agile, the results depict an increase in productivity and software quality. There is also greater project visibility and a reduction of risks when compared to the iron triangle model of project management (Beierwaltes 1). Finally, it is less costly for a company or an individual to apply the agile model than the Iron Triangle of Waterfall. It is less costly to maintain the software involved in Agile than that of Iron triangle of Waterfall. Agile could be used on our project efficiently. The first reason is due to its cost effectiveness both in initial set up as well as the costs of maintenance. In addition, we could quickly alter its specifications to suit the needs of our projects better. There will be increased productivity and better results as a result of the software’s high quality (Beierwaltes

The global service sector enterprise Assignment

The global service sector enterprise - Assignment Example The first and second world wars resulted from these two forces leading to a collapse of the British Empire. In the meantime the United States managed to firmly establish itself as the leading economic power in the world Other countries especially the United States began catching up with the United Kingdom in terms of technological advancement. Its global influence was also almost at a collapse with most British colonies anticipating independence. The greatest prosperity in Britain came about in the nineteenth century from colonial expansion, industrialization, social reforms and improved transport. By 1914 Britain was no longer the dominant economic power in Europe, though it still had the worlds largest shipbuilding industry but in other areas such as coal, iron, chemicals and light engineering, it was out-performed by Germany (Spartacus Educational, 2012). The Second World War brought about a shift in the influences and statuses of the then major powers in the world. A new error of superpower conflict was ushered in between the United States and the Soviet Union, an expedited decline of the British and French Empires. It also triggered the appearance of new democratic governments in Japan and Germany and beheld the emergence of communist China (Foster, 1). The two world wars led to a breakup of the British Empire, this changed the position of the United Kingdom economy from top as other countries began advancing technologically and the nation has not been able to recover its position as the highest economic power worldwide. The UK economy is the fifth largest country economy in the world by real or nominal GDP, and the sixth largest by purchasing power parity. In 2010, the United Kingdom was rated the sixth largest economy in the world with a Gross Domestic Product of 2.172 trillion United States dollars which was 2.982 percent of the entire world Gross Domestic Product. Being a member of the European Union and part of a single market,

Crisis Response Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crisis Response Case - Essay Example Therefore, it is necessary to check with our surveillance system. We know that a security card is required to have access in Biomed laboratory. In addition, video system is also placed for monitoring that all the activity in side the premises. Universal Refuse Co. is contracted to remove the potentially dangerous discards from the plant location, therefore they have too regular access of Biomed premises. Therefore, we can share this information with Universal Refuse Co. so that they can too help finding the solution and tracking the anonymous caller. The most important thing in any crisis is to eliminate bureaucracy, establish relationships before a crisis with those you will need in the event of a crisis and know who you can count on when needed. Therefore, it is required to inform the CEO Karen Lewis, although she is out for a meeting at San Diego and will not return before Saturday morning. She can co-ordinate from there and can give appropriate instructions that redirect the crisis plan. At the time of crisis, a crisis team, communication officer and plan along with crisis communication center equipped with phones, computer and phone machines is required. In addition, a crisis management firm in case of emergencies is needed. Fortunately Biomed have all of this. Moreover, good relationship with press is also required at this time. As we know that the Vice President of Operations and Development has a scientific and medical background and manages the work of Biomed chemists, physicists, engineers and biologists and is articulate in explaining the work done at Biomed. Therefore, he should be placed along with communication officer for giving answers of all the queries that comes. At the time of crisis, it is important to form partnerships, listen to public concerns and be open and honest. Anonymous caller has given threat of placing the AIDS virus samples in food in buffet lines and in bottled water as examples

International politics, Movie Analysis Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International politics, Analysis - Movie Review Example They should have known that for monistic states, the international law that protects humanity is directly translated and incorporated into the national law and should be applicable (Bradley 1). Moreover, the truth is that the judges should have known better and understood international law since they were already educated adults by the time Hitler was rising into power (Bradley 1). These judges during the Hitler’s regime were bounded by the love for their country. This is shown in the movie when Hitler announced that all Jews would be destroyed, they as judges who knew the law also stood down (Bradley 1). The truth of the fact is that the outcome of this military tribunal was very important. It was a test case to show that national and international law against humanity is powerful and applicable to anyone. It will send a strong message to all government officials whose work is to enforce the law to do so with international law appealing before making final verdict against the accused (Bradley 1). There was need to value for human life as a judge (Bradley 1). According to the movie, the judges had sentenced 99 people to life imprisonment and there was not a single one who was serving the trial. This calls for the pardon granted to them by the military tribunal that had been formed to explore the crimes committed against humanity during the Hitler regime. The military tribunal was specifically formed to try top war criminals, political and military leaders of the third Reich (Bradley 1). The tribunal operated under the Control Council Law No.10 at the US Nuremberg Military tribunals (Bradley 1). In summary at the end of the movie, judge Janning confessed after being found guilty that as Judges of the time they had no idea that mass execution would erupt as a result of their ruling (Bradley 1). He also confessed to have realized for the

Evaluate the Claim That Britishness Is an Ethnic Construction Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Claim That Britishness Is an Ethnic Construction Essay Introduction The purpose of writing this paper is to analyze and evaluate the argument that ‘Britishness is an ethnic construction’ from the perspective of both its advocators and opponents. The discussion will include evidences that support the claim and also those who go against it in relation to the cultural and ethnic dimensions of britishness in order to provide a better understanding of the events and circumstances that have shaped the past and present of Britain and have led to the development of the identity of britishness. Many sociologists have tried to define britishness in diverse ways. Some have defined it as a ‘mixture’ of races resulting in the emergence of a unique ‘British Race’ with distinguishing characteristics while others have termed it as ‘national character’ that encompasses national customs, traditions, norms and values, molded by historical and environmental factors (On the Meaning n. d. ). Such definitions, however, are not sufficient and deep enough to give a complete explanation of what Britishness really is. Being a matter of perception, britishness has different meaning for different people, but the argument that it is merely a product of ethnic factors is quite debatable. Ethnic groups are often viewed as homogenous, bounded entities with ethnic labels associated with them and referring their connection with a particular material culture. Those who view Britishness as an ethnic identity only argue that it is an unsolidified, diverse and mobile ethnic identity that began 1. X1783213 to establish itself during the nineteenth century with British Monarchy. Concerns regarding religion, ethnicity and national identity have always been at the forefront of political and social debates in modern Britain. Sociologists and political analysts have discussed Britishness among ethnic minorities for many decades, sparked by popular intergroup events such as Rushdie Affair in 1989, Notting Hill in 1958, the Oldham Race riots of 2001 and numerous others. Britishness often tend of get muddled with Englishness, and it is supposed to because there are no clear boundaries that separate Englishness with britishness. An authoritative answer can be a simple ground of differentiation that Englishness is the unique identity of people living in England while Britishness refers to custom values and traditions of Britain citizens (Betts 2007). Whichever definition we present of both the entities, it is clear that there is no clear boundary marking what we can call britishness and Englishness given that the individualistic nature of both the identities are quite similar in terms of ethnicity and social trends. Although the sense of britishness is often considered as a construct of ethnicity, but is can be argued that race and ethnicity are not the only determinants of this national identity as geography, national symbols, political events and historic achievements, diversity, citizenship and immigration trends that have led to cultural diversity in Britain and have influenced the British culture in the realms of language, literature, arts, practices, habits and behaviors, are also equally important tools that have a fair share in shaping up the idea of britishness (Ethnos Research 2005). Although the British Isles and distinctive topographic features like Scottish Highlands and rolling hills, have been subject to influences of conquest and immigration since before the era of Christianity, most anthropologists and sociologists studying and writing about developments of race 2. X1783213 and ethnicity in the region restrain their historical contextualizing to the age following the second World War . The understandable reason for this confinement is that in this period only Britain saw huge numbers of non-white immigrants from different parts of the world. In fact, many diverse non-white populaces had already been residing in Britain before the arrival of Indian traders, (Banks 1996, p. 86). London Docklands was where migrants would arrived not only to sette in the Uk but other parts of the world. Between 1885 and 1905, a number of Eastern Europeans and Russians moved through these and other ports in the UK on their way to North America and South Africa. Between 1876 and 1990 about 2 million adult males left the UK for North America alone. (Green, MacKinnon and Minns, 2003). According to a research conducted by Ethnos Research and Consultancy organization to find out how people living in Britain and belonging to varied ethnicities perceive britishness, it was revealed that the ways in which ethnic groups in Britain, equally sharing britishness, personally relate to their national identity were quite varied (Ethnos Research 2005). The subjects for this research were UK passport holders, knowing that they are British citizens but most of them did not attach any significant value to it. However, white people and those belonging to ethnic minority groups in Wales and Scotland relate to the identity more strongly with the countries rather than with Britain. In England, white participants considered themselves English first and then British, while those belonging to ethnic minorities perceived themselves as British, completely failing to identify themselves as English as they viewed Englishness as something exclusively associated with white people. In short, people from ethnic minority backgrounds residing in England were the ones who identified strongly with britishness (Ethnos Research 2005). It was also revealed that people mainly 3. X1783213 relate to the ethnicity (geographical origins and their traditional cultures), religious and race or cultural sources of identification and these elements of national identifications are widely perceived as being compatible with britishness. It should also be kept in mind that, despite of identity connections and disconnections between people, the advent of internet and modern communication technology has influenced social connectedness, to a great extent, that drives the factors particularly crucial to forming a unified concept of identity including the geographical, socio-economic and cultural factors as explored the research study ‘Connected lives’ undertaken by Victoria university (Wellman et. al 2005). Most of the white population residing in Britain do not consider themselves as Britishers and prefer to register their identity as Scottish, Irish, English or Welsh. But a huge number of people from the ethnic groups confidently proclaim their Britishness and do not feel they are associated to any other national group (Carvel 2002). These issues regarding national identity were explored for the first time in 2011 by a survey conducted by governments general household, an extensive poll of approximately 9,000 British households, issued recently by the office for national statistics. As generally anticipated, the Scots were the ones least tending to assert their identity as British. More astonishingly, citizens old enough to recall the memories of the last war were less likely to acknowledge their Britishness than the young ones (Carvel 2002). Grown-ups were asked to register how they like to describe themselves, picking one or more options from a national identities list including British, Welsh, English, Irish, Scottish or other. The results revealed that, for Britain as a whole, 31 percent people declare their nationality as British and gave 4. X1783213 no other varying reply, 50 percent of participants labeled themselves only as Scottish, English, Irish or Welsh, while 13% claimed both of these (Carvel 2002). Hence from what ground reality depicts, geographical origin and social and political history has much influence on shaping people’s perspectives of identity rather than only ethnic background. Since the cultural influence as part of the region’s diversity has given rise to a mixed society, incorporating various cultural elements; Asian food, black music, morocco drugs, etc. Furthermore, 1997 landslide labor elections brought a more adaptive government to Westminster, which had a flexible attitude towards the matters of national identity as compared to the Pluralist Liberal establishments of the 19th and early 20th century. The concept of britishness has changed over the course of last two centuries, adapting to the changing demands and circumstances. The new version of Britishness not only embraces diversity but is constituted of this multiplicity, that not only engages religiousness and ethnicity, but also races, common customs, traditions, new ideologies and social concepts, geographic inheritance and arts and literature (Ward 2004, p. 10). As stated by Paul Ward, identification categories which people have allocated themselves have not been strictly defined along ethnic lines (Ward 2004, p.115). During a research carried out to address the questions related to national identities, a white youngster belonging to Southall described himself as related to ‘English black’ culture, conveying the wide scale existence of hybridity which is a very significant concept for understanding sense of Britishness that prevails today. According to various studies aimed at understanding the psychological factors behind the notion of Britishness, it was indicated that just like any other concept portraying social identity, the concept of Britishness is to a great extent fluid and flexible, which can be linked with a range of varied and, in 5. X1783213 most cases, contradictory meanings. Yet, even though it has a flexible nature, the Britishness conception is also grounded in a specific social, economic, political, ideological and cultural reality (Ethnos Research 2005). Strong relationships related to age, class, ethnicity, religion and gender are primarily involved in outlining and maintaining the notion of Britishness. It should also be kept in view while drawing out the connections of ethnicity with Britishness that ethnicity itself is not self-enclosed, rigid and exclusive. According to a practical definition of ethnicity, it entails a belief system in realms of cultural distinctiveness or an identification founded on mutual cultural traits (Ward 2004, p. 115). This indicates that ethnicities are not fixed, neither there are any clear cut boundaries defining communities or races because today hybridity and diversity together has blur the lines separating ethnicity, races and communities. Hence the amalgamation of ethnic groups and social communities has changed the rigidness that could have been allied with formation of a hard-edged concept of Britishness. Now there exists a ‘collective’ or ‘combined’ sense of identification owing to the ethnic and racial diversity that have emerged as a result of a long and consistent history of migrations leading to a society with multi-ethnic nature and diverse social and political ideological frameworks that, along with a number of other features, majorly including historical events, immigration trends, socio-economic and political changes, terrain origin, attitude towards gender and racism etc. have a crucial contribution in constructing the concept of Britishness (Ward 2004, p.116). References Banks Marcus1996, Ethnicity: Anthropological constructions, Routledge, London. Betts Alex 2007, Through my eyes: Englishness vs britishness, Albion Magazine Online, 6. X1783213 Carvel John 2002, Sense of britishness more prevalent among ethnic minorities, survey shows, The Guardian Ethnos Research and Consultancy 2005, Citizenship and belonging: What is britishness? , Commission for Racial Equality, London. Spearhead, On the Meaning of Britishness, n. d. , Spearhead Wellman Barry et.al 2005, ‘Connected lives: The project’, in Purcell P (ed. ), Networked neighbourhoods, Springer, Berlin. Introducing the Social Sciences – Part 2, Exploring Social Lives. The Open University. Simon Bromley, John Clarke, Steve Hinchliffe and Stephanie Taylor. 2010 Self Reflection I did enjoy writing this essay quite a lot as I can be quite controversy and did a lot of sourcing on the subject as I hope it shows. However it just comes down to time for me to get it done on time and make sure that its worthy of sending in. 7.

Girl Child Education Essay Example for Free

Girl Child Education Essay Girl Guides are organised into units/troops averaging 20-30 girls under guidance of a team of leaders. Units subdivide into patrols of about six Guides and engage in outdoor and special interest activities. Units may affiliate with national and international organisations. Some units, especially in Europe, have been co-educational since the 1970s, allowing boys and girls to work together as Scouts. There are other programme sections for older and younger girls. Contents 1 Naming 2 Key points 3 Unit affiliation 4 Uniforms 5 Lones 6 See also 7 References Naming Robert Baden-Powell was a famous soldier who fought in the Boer War in South Africa at the beginning of the 20th century. During the Siege of Mafeking, when the town and British soldiers were besieged by Boer soldiers, B-P noticed how the young boys made themselves useful by carrying messages for the soldiers. When he came home, he decided to put some of his Scouting ideas into practice to see if they would be any good for young boys and took 21 boys camping on Brownsea Island, near Poole in Dorset. The camp was a success, and B-P wrote his book Scouting for Boys, covering tracking, signaling, cooking etc. Soon boys began to organize themselves into Patrols and Troops and called themselves Boy Scouts. Girls bought the book as well and formed themselves into Patrols of Girl Scouts. In 1909 there was a Boy Scout Rally at Crystal Palace in London. Among all the thousands of Boy Scouts there was also a group of girls from Pinkneys Green, in Berkshire, who spoke to B-P and asked him to let girls be Scouts. B-P decided to take action. Eerste Nederlandsche Meisjes Gezellen Vereeniging (First Dutch Girls Companions Society), 1911, first Dutch Girl Guides In those days, for girls to camp and hike was not common, as this extract from the Scout newspaper shows: If a girl is not allowed to run, or even hurry, to swim, ride a bike, or raise her arms above her head, how can she become a Scout?[1] B-Ps career had been in the British Army. There was an Indian regiment called the Khyber Guides who served on the north-west frontier of India. B-P persuaded the girl Scouts that Guides was a very special name of which they could be proud. So, in 1910 the first Girl Guides began. Since 1910 Guides have spread and there are now millions of Guides worldwide. The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) was formed to link together Guides. In some countries the girls preferred to call themselves ‘Girl Scouts’. (Reference: The Guide Handbook, London: The Guide Association, 1996) The first Guide Company was 1st Pinkneys Green Guides (Miss Baden Powells Own), who still exist in Pinkneys Green, Maidenhead in the English county of Berkshire.[2] Polish Girl Guides by the monument to Small Partisan in Warsaw Key points Things that are shared amongst all Guide Units are:[3] The Guide Promise Girls become Guides by making their Promise. Each country has its own Promise but all have the same 3 parts: duty to God or to your religion; duty to your country; keeping the Guide Law. The Good Turn each Guide tries to do a kind thing for someone else, without payment and without being asked, every day. The World Badge this can be worn on uniform or ordinary clothes. The three leaves of the trefoil stand for the threefold Promise. The vein in the centre is a compass needle, pointing the way and the two stars stand for the Promise and the Law. The colours stand for the golden sun shining over all the children of the world, from a blue sky. This badge is a guiding symbol that can be recognized all over the world. The World Flag this is in the same colours as the World Badge and can be carried or flown by any member of the movement. It is often used as the Unit Flag. The three yellow blocks represent the threefold Promise and the white corner represents the commitment to peace of all WAGGGs members. The Guide Sign the three fingers stand for the three parts of the Promise. The Guide sign is used when making or renewing the Promise and can be used when meeting other Guides. It may also be used when receiving a badge or at the end of meetings. The Motto Be Prepared This means that Guides are ready to cope with anything that might come their way.

Microwaves: The History and Development

Microwaves: The History and Development Engineering Report:  Microwave Ovenbg Summary This report presents the foundation of microwaves and states the purpose of the report. It will also give detailed background information about the history of the machine. In addition, there will be an explanation towards what it does and why its needed throughout the world as well as its impact on society. Moreover, there will also be a full description of the product to full extent. The description will described; how it looks like, how it works, materials used in the product, how its assembled, how to use it and extra features of the machine. Furthermore, two drawings will be present in the report that includes isometric and orthographic, which have full measurements and angles drawn as accurate as possible. Following this, an analysis will also display   how the appliances components, sustainability, choice of materials and how well it functions will be critically researched and analysed to how effective they are and if theres any room for improvement.   Next, there will be e xtra photos of the product as well as any other extensive information about it. Adding to that, will be full descriptive recommendation of how it could be improved and conclusion covering up between the old and new product as well its major contribution towards the modern world. Lastly, there will be complete harved references to show where informations was research from. 1.0  Introduction 1.1: The Purpose of the Report. The purpose of this report is to show the foundation of how microwaves work and how they used throughout the present world. This report will discover the ways they influenced society and will be deconstructed to show all the features of this product. It will also contain calculations and diagrams in order to maximum the full experience to how this product works from the inside. This report will generate systematically to be simpler and will contain critical opinions and judgements on how it could be improved as well as key historical background to the machine. In addition, this report will feature an appendix to display extensive use of research and freehand drawing towards its parts and functions. The purpose of the report will also show the need for this product in the new technological world and will display every capability that it has to full extent. 1.2:   Background Information, historical research of this product. The microwave was first invented somewhere in the year 1946 during a radar related research project. Dr Percy Spenser was part of the project but during the investigation found something very unusual.   During the project, they were testing out a new vacuum called magnetron when suddenly he realized that the candy bar in his pocket had melted. This inspired the doctor to try out another experiment where he placed popcorn kennels near the tube and watch joyfully   as they stated to pop, cracked and sputtered all over his lab. This fascinated the doctor about this unusual discovery and so prompted another experiment the next morning with his colleague.   The experiment was placing an egg next to the magnetron and the result was the egg exploding all over the doctors lab. Mr Spenser then came up with a logical scientific experiment; the melted candy bar, the popcorn and egg all had one thing in common they were exposed to low density   microwave energy. This conclusion led the d octor that if these foods can be cooked this quickly why others cannot be as well. Dr. Spencer then invented a metal box with an opening into which he fed microwave power. The energy entering the box was unable to escape, therefore creating a higher density electromagnetic field. When the food placed in the box and microwave energy fed in, the temperature of the food increased very rapidly. Dr. Spencer knowingly knew he just designed what was to revolutionize cooking, and form the basis of a multimillion-dollar industry, called the microwave oven and put forward a plan to the Raytheon Corporation to build this machine . Unsurprisingly, in 1954 the Raytheon Corporation produced the first commercial microwave called the 1161 Radarange. It was large, expensive, and had a power of 1600 watts which wasnt very efficient towards people who wont rich. To solve this problem a   division of the company named Amana created the first domestic microwave oven in 1967 but sales were slow during the first few years, partially due to the ovens relatively expensive price tag,   later the concept of quick microwave cooking arrived. In succeeding years, a number of other companies joined the countertop microwave oven market. By the end of 1971, the price of microwave oven units began to decrease and their capabilities expanded as time moved on. 1.3: What does the product do? The microwave oven is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by heating up the particles inside while exposing it to microwaves from the electromagnetic spectrum. The waves were implemented into the machine where the inventor was experimenting with the it. 1.4: Why is there a need for this product? The microwave oven is one of the most in the important kitchen appliances in the modern day household. It provides the basic needs of everyday life and is important contribution towards the world.   The machine delivers the most of what modern technology has as it heats and cooks food   instead the old ways of heating them on a stove or on a bonfire. Moreover, the device is also much safer than the stove as it does not get hot when conducted by heat due to the material its made from, which is   stainless steel with a coating of acrylic enamel because of its low thermal conductivity. 1.5: Impact on Society The microwave oven has made a significant contribution towards society as it made life easier with a cooking and heating foods at your fingertips. This helps with timesaving and allows to serve individuals within the family at different times when necessary.   This is important because it helps   many people whom are busy due to the technological world and dont have the needed time to cook food on the stove. In addition, the microwave allows the food to be cooked much cheaper compared to the olds ways as all the components built inside, making life much more simple. This helps many people in the long run with paying the bills and assisting them to pay the more important fees. 2.0  Description 2.1: Describe the product i) What it looks like? The microwave oven is a quick and efficient machine that uses electromagnetic radiation to cook food. This fascinating machine allows people to cook food whenever they are busy or tired after a long day at work. This machines design is a rectangular prism with to vertical and horizontal lines. In addition, it also has a built in light bulb to see how your food is cooking and has a timer whenever its finished. Most microwaves will have three ventilations systems to keep the air in the microwave flowing and is used to take the radiation out. This method is necessary otherwise; the quality of the food will suffer.   Moreover, the machine also has a container at the back where it stores up the microwave energy and short circuit where its connected to the cable that is plugged towards the power point. ii) How it works? The microwave is actually quite a simple machine to how it actually works. The inside generator called the magnetron takes electricity from the power outlet and converts it to high-powered microwaves. These waves then travel through the food compartment and blasted out towards the spinning turntable in order to cook the food evenly. Furthermore, the microwaves then bounce of the reflective metal wall however when these waves meet the food they dont bounce but instead penetrate it and oscillate the molecules within it. Therefore, allowing the food to become hotter and let enjoy your meal. iii) Materials used: The following materials used to make microwaves are: Stainless steel with a coating of acrylic enamel. Ceramic or glass: Electromechanical components   Steel metal: A mixture of cast iron, steel and bronze:   Stainless steel Polymer:   Medium carbon steel Hardened steel   Plastic and Copper wire: Why are these materials used? Material Uses Why? Stainless steel with acrylic enamel Used for the outside layer of the microwave Corrosion Resistance Ductile Low heat absorption Ceramic or glass Used for the cooking surface Corrosion Resistance Insulator Electromechanical components Timer motors, switches and relays Simple mechanics Conductors Steel metal Used to make magnetron tube , the waveguide, capacitor   and the stirrer fan Great conductivity Great durability Ductile A mixture of cast iron, steel and bronze Used to make the gears High tensile strength High endurance   strength Low coefficient of friction Stainless steel Used to make pulleys High strength Polymer Used to make belts High Strength Medium carbon steel Used to make screws High tensile strength Malleable Hardened steel Used to make washers Wear resistant Brittle Plastic and copper Used to make the cables Great conductivity Silicon Steel Used to make the transformer Magnetic Properties iv) How is it assembled? The process of manufacturing the microwave oven starts with the cavity that creates the microwave radiation. First, the frame is formed using automatic metal-forming presser with all of the other parts already made. The parts then move through a paint operation where the paint is heated up to 300 degrees for 20 minutes and all the parts are coated in paint. Following this, the front door receives a coat of paint and metal plate is attached to its window. The microwave then moves onto the next phase where it obtains the anode cylinder that will provide with its electricity to generate to power. Moreover, a powerful magnet is then put around the cylinder to create an electromagnetic field, creating microwaves. A thermal protector is attached directly on the magnetron to prevent damage to the tube from overheating and causing an explosion. Additionally, an antenna enclosed in a glass tube is mounted on top of the back of the microwave. The waveguide is connected to the magnetron that is a on top of the antenna, while a blower motor is attached directly to the tube. Finally, a plastic fan is attached to the motor. In addition the capacitor and the high voltage transformer   are added in as well. The main frame placed on the assembly tray and the cavity is screwed on to the chassis, which is the component that makes all the parts work together. Next, the door is attached to the cavity and chassis. The magnetron tube is   bolted to the side of the cavity and the main chassis. The circuit that produces the voltage required to operate the magnetron tube is   then mounted directly on the frame, close to the magnetron tube. The stirrer fan is mounted on top of the cavity attached directly to the fan.   Following this, the stirrer shield is screwed on top of the fan assembly. The shield prevents dirt and grease from entering the waveguide, where they could produce damage to the magnetron. The relay provides power to the transformer and a timer for the microwave. The relay is mounted close to the power transformer, while the timer is mounted on the control board. Also mounted on the control board are a timer bell that rings when your foods heated and a light bulb that allows viewing of the inside.   Furthermore, a number of interlocking switches   are secured   near the top and bottom of the door area to enable cooking options. A front panel is attached next to the front door. Behind the front panel, the control circuit board is attached. The board, which controls the various programmed operations in their proper sequence when the switches are placed on the front panel, is connected to the various components and the front panel using plug-in sockets and cables. The outer case of the microwave is made of stainless steel metal with coating acrylic enamel and assembled on a roll former. The case   is strapped onto the preassembled microwave oven and is bolted in firmly. This finally completes the process and the oven is sent for packaging. v) How to use it? The microwave oven is quite a simple machine to use with basic knowledge of a human being. The machines main purpose is to cook/heat food and requires minimal effort by having a choice of how to do it. There are many options to cook your food such as defrost, fruits, desserts options and many more. When your choice has been made just click the option and the microwave oven does it automatically for you without the need of lighting the gas stove. vi) Features and extra. There known to be three different types of oven that have been used throughout the modern world.   The original solo microwave oven, the striking grill microwave oven and the new convention microwave. These microwaves have a different variety of cooking options but use the same basic design with   components and little adjustments such as moisture sensors and LED lights.   There have also been variations changes to outside layer with it just primarily stainless steel. This design could be viewed as a disadvantage because of its electrical conductivity that wouldnt make it safe and would conduct even more heat that leads to   greater chance of the microwave overheating and being significantly damaged. Nevertheless, the microwave is still a great kitchen appliance that has proven itself to be a vital part for the modern world. 4.0  Analysis 4.1: Critical Judgment of the product i) Components The components of the microwave such as the magnetron, relay, motors, gears, capacitor, high voltage transformer, chassis and the cavity all do their job efficiently and effectively. However, they are known to have overheated in microwaves causing health hazards over a long period of time due to the immense amount of radiation. In addition, if the microwave is physically damaged or leaks it may also cause a problem as it has the chance of causing cancer if the insulator is cracked from high chemical exposure. To combat these issues the immense radiation should decrease to stop overheating and the use of less chemicals should be introduced. Overall, most of the components are safe and useful compared to some of the old ones used in the first microwave oven. ii) Materials The materials used in the microwave oven are quite great and work professionally but there a number of significant problems with them. An example of one is the steel used for the components, which may start to corrode after a   period of time. This is a major problem as if these components are damaged the microwave may have the potential of permanently shutting down.   Moreover, the extensive use of steel may cause the microwave overheating due the high electrical conductivity, which would damage its components . To solve this problems the steel metal should be replaced with less amounts of stainless steel to prone electricity and has high corrosion resistant. iii) Sustainability The microwave oven is a great sustainable kitchen appliance. Their almost no problems that is present towards the natural environment except for the usage power and possible chemical leak. Furthermore, the use in domestic industry is also not much of a problem as they can be placed where people decide especially for seniors who old and fragile.   But, this comes to a disadvantage because if microwaves are place within low heights children can play with and cause damage and may even drop it which may lead to high chemical leak if it cracks.   In addition, some children could even   place a metal object that will likely spark up and cause a fire .The immense radiation may also not be the best suitable options towards kids and seniors as their bodys arent strong enough to take the energy.   A new design should come around with there is less radiation used , the containment for the microwave energy   should be reinforced with stronger metal   and sensors which can detect betw een food and metal objects. iv)   How well it Functions? The microwave is an excellent, simple kitchen appliance that requires no work effort but basic human knowledge. The machine almost never lets you down which is why up to 92% of American households have it according to a study conducted in 1994. In addition, the appliance has had improvements over the past 50 years in order for it to be more effectively useful and safe. But, it does need a minor improvement towards the immense radiation and to reinforce the dangerous microwave energy stored in the back, Nevertheless, the microwave oven functions greats with all the components and materials needing slight developments. v) Pros and Cons of the Product Pros Great simple machine with energy efficiency. Lasts for a long period of time. Almost never fails. Portable. Best way to cook food without lighting a gas stove. Keeps all nutrients stored in the food untouched.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cons The microwave may overheat due to radiation that can cause damage. Not healthy for young children or seniors due to heat radiation. If physically broken, chemical leak may damage cell tissues, which can cause cancer. Components will eventually rust causing major damage towards the machine. 5.0  Appendix 5.1 Drawings and Photos Magnetron  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inside view High Voltage Transformer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capacitor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.2: Extra Relevant Information   The microwave oven converts only part of its electrical input into microwave energy. An average consumer microwave oven consumes 1100 W of electricity in producing 700 W of microwave power which has an efficiency of 64%. The other 400 W is used as heat mostly in the magnetron tube. In addition, any wasted heat or any microwave radiation is sent out through the cooling vents. Additional power is used to operate the lamps; AC power transformer, magnetron-cooling fan; food turntable motor and the control circuits, which only need about 100 W to all operate. In addition, the microwave oven also uses less energy compared to the gas stove due to all major components already built in. Therefore,   the microwave oven is not only cheaper than a gas stove but also uses less energy that could be life-saving towards many people who have to pay more important bills. 6.0  Recommendations/Conclusions 6.1: Recommendations The first recommendation I will make is for the type of material used in the components to be changed as most of them are made from steel metal. This metal is a great option to conduct electricity but over time, it will corrode and cause a major damaged towards the microwave oven. To solve the problem I will recommend is to replace the steel metal with stainless steel as its corrosion resistance. Therefore, allowing it to last much longer. The second recommendation that should be designed into the machine is less radiation used in the microwave. Microwave energy is not harmful but people such as seniors or young children may not be able to take the amount of heat present. In addition, even sometimes the immense radiation might overheat the microwave oven causing high damage towards its components due to them being next to the cavity. To combat this I will recommend reducing the amount of energy the magnetron produces but enough to heat food. The third recommendation that should be introduced to the microwave is the amount of chemicals used in the magnetron. Some magnetrons contains beryllium oxide which if leaked can cause a dangerous lung condition which sometimes could be fatal. Furthermore, all magnetrons contain thorium mixed with tungsten that if leaked and inhaled , can damage cell tissues and cause cancer. To fix this I will recommend taking out most of the chemicals from the magnetron so it does present a health hazard. 6.1: Conclusion The microwave oven has a significant impact on the modern world with its extensive abilities to cook and reheat food. The original form of cooking food can be dated back to Stone Age with the use of fire. Next, came the invention of gas stove in the 1820s which required great amounts of gas with a huge price on its tag. In addition, sometimes the gas stove will fail continuously but this issue was brought to the end in the 20th century. The brilliance of Dr Percys Spencer intellectual mind brought out around one of the most important kitchen appliances of todays technological world called the microwave oven. Even though, this machine had a few problems before becoming perfect. However, the advancement of technology repaired these few problems with companies eager to get their hands of this discovery and made further adjustments to its design to make it look incomparable, magnificent and stunning. Furthermore, the microwave oven uses the   technology of electromagnetic radiation to bring new life towards cold and frozen food supplying it with the most effective and efficient way possible. The microwave oven has a major influence of how the world works with its outstanding and striking capabilities that has been indeed a great achievement by mankind. 7.0  Bibliography Gallawa, J. (2013). The History of the Microwave Oven. [online] Microtechfactoryservice.com. Available at: http://www.microtechfactoryservice.com/history.html [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Woodford, C. (2016). Microwave ovens | How do they work?. [online] Explain that Stuff. Available at: http://www.explainthatstuff.com/microwaveovens.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. Riaz, R. (2017). How microwave oven is made manufacture, making, used, parts, components, structure, product, Design. [online] Madehow.com. Available at: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Microwave-Oven.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]. Sharpe, E. (2007). Microwave Oven. [online] Smecc.org. Available at: http://www.smecc.org/microwave_oven.htm [Accessed 23 Mar. 2017].

Chelsea Green Publishing Company: An Overview :: Essays Papers

Chelsea Green Publishing Company: An Overview Book publishing enjoys a certain social prestige—it can be both moderately profitable and extremely rewarding in psychological benefits. The odds that a publishing entrepreneur will succeed at this business seem to be related to the degree of care and thought given to planning and the sometimes-tricky balancing act of effective management. Sustainability is a balance of economy and ecology. That is, how we satisfy human needs and still preserve what we have in nature. Examples of this are the forest industry and energy. We must find ways to harvest a forest without destroying the forest. Similarly, we must find practical alternatives to energy sources, such as solar and wind power, so that we don't harm the atmosphere and deplete natural resources. The following is an account of Chelsea Green Publishing Company, a small publishing business that has successfully found its niche, while at the same time has made (and continues to make) the world a bit more sustainable. In 1985, Ian Baldwin and his wife Margo founded Chelsea Green Publishing Company in their house located near Chelsea, Vermont's green. It was in the middle of the Reagan era—not an especially favorable time to start a publishing company that even remotely highlighted environmental issues. In fact, the books that the Baldwins published then didn't really have a unifying theme, they were simply "nice" books that were well written, finely edited and beautifully produced. Earlier in his life, Ian spent five years as an editor at Holt, Rinehart, Winston before leaving to join the Institute for World Policy, a non-profit organization with a mission to organize intellectuals from around the world in a quest for world peace. He later worked as a consultant for the Environmental Defense Fund on a project to convince Pacific Gas and Electric Company that through conservation, co-generation, and the use of renewable resources, the utility could avoid building new nuclear or coal power plants. In 1984 the Baldwins' neighbor, gardening writer Eliot Coleman, shared with them a story that Helen Nearing had given him years earlier. The author of the fictional piece was Jean Giono, and the title was The Man Who Planted Hope and Grew Happiness, which first appeared in Vogue in 1954. It was a tale of a shepherd who singlehandedly reforested thousands of acres in war-ravaged Europe.

Why Hitler was Able to Dominate Germany by 1934 :: Papers

Why Hitler was Able to Dominate Germany by 1934 Hitler was able to dominate Germanyby 1934 because of many events that occurred between 1923 and 1934 which helped his rise to power. In 1919 Hitler became the leader of the German workers party. By 1920 it was renamed the Nazi party and Hitler was its leader. Hitler organised the party as a military group, in 1921 he set up a private army called the Sturm-Abteilung or the SA. They dressed in brown and were sometimes known as brown shirts. Most were young men and some where former members of friekorps. The SA was designed to intimidate and destroy opposition; their militaristic style gave emphasis on the party's discipline and reminded citizens of Germany's strong militaristic background in the hope of gaining support. On 9th November 1923 Germanywas in chaos and Hitler allied with the former general ludendorf and attacked the government in Munichwith all 300 members of his party. This rebellion is known as the Munichputsch, it was however crushed by those still loyal to the government and Hitler was sentenced to 8 months in Landsberg fortress. His weak sentence and comfortable lodgings in prison show that even then people supported his anti-Semitic views. In prison Hitler wrote mien kampf (my struggle) which was an auto biography containing a detailed account of his views. This when published in 1925 quickly became a best seller and was a type of bible for the Nazi party. Hitler's time in prison let him think and he decide that if he wanted power he would have to obtain it legally through being voted in by the people. Democracy had some weaknesses and Hitler was ready to exploit them. Even though after the Munichputsch the Nazi party was banned they carried on campaigning and entered the Reichstag elections in a different name. In the May elections of 1924 they earned 32 seats, even though this dropped to 14 in December of the same year they still remained in the government which was the foothold Hitler would use to

A Comparison of the Mead-hall in Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki :: comparison compare contrast essays

Mead-hall in Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the mead-hall mentioned only in Beowulf or is it an element common also to this famous Icelandic saga? Is the mead-hall described the same way as in Beowulf?    Remaining true to the Anglo-Saxon culture’s affinity for mead (ale/beer/wine), the characters of Beowulf partake frequently of the strong beverage. And the mead hall is their home away from home, with more entertainments than just fermented beverages: â€Å"gold and treasure at huge feasts †¦ the words of the poet, the sounds of the harp.† Needless to say, with â€Å"the world’s greatest mead-hall †¦ Hrothgar’s people lived in joy.† â€Å"after a mead party the Danes †¦ knew no sorrows.† When Grendel â€Å"moved into the [mead] hall,† that is an indescribably torturesome pain for everyone: â€Å"Hrothgar was broken †¦ the Danes forgot God †¦ [they were] in great distress †¦ they wept and seethed.† When Beowulf and his men arrive they immediately â€Å"came toward the hall †¦ then sat down on benches †¦ pouring sweet drink.† They came â€Å"to cleanse Heorot [the mead hall],† to stop the â€Å"humiliations in Heorot† where men are â€Å"over their ale-cups.† Beowulf predicts: â€Å"When I get done with him, anyone who wishes may happily go into the mead hall.† Unferth, in his battle rune at Hrothgar’s feet, was insulting to the hero because Unferth was â€Å"drunk on mead.† When Queen Wealhtheow entertained the Geats, she first bid the king â€Å"joy in his mead drinking,† then â€Å"went around to each †¦ sharing the precious cup.† When the hero began fighting the monster, â€Å"many a mead bench †¦ went flying.† The next day the queen â€Å"walked among the mead seats,† and everyone â€Å"drank many a mead cup.† References to this subject are too numerous to enumerate. In the hero’s last days the fire dragon brought death to the Geats; the â€Å"wine hall† was â€Å"abandoned †¦the surging fires burned his house, the mead hall of the Geats. That was â₠¬ ¦ the greatest of sorrows.† Wiglaf, in censuring the ten who deserted their chief, said, â€Å"At the ale-bench he often gave you †¦ helmets and armor.† In this classic poem, can there be anything more vital or essential to joyful living, or to conducting business, than the mead-hall?    T. A. Shippey in â€Å"The World of the Poem† (45) says:    Some objects in fact reach â€Å"mythic† status – most obviously halls.

My turning point

Philosophy on Education â€Å"He, who opens a school door, closes a prison. † -Victor Hugo â€Å"Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail. What you gain at one end you lose at the other. It's like feeding a dog on his own tail. It won't fatten the dog. † ?Mark Twain These two quotes go hand in hand because they have the same meaning. The meaning of the two quotes is an abstract meaning the meaning is that ignorance is itself a prison that education releases you from. What the quotes are trying to say is that if you have no education you're opening a door for you to end up In Jail.It Like an equation you go o school you get an education; If you don't go to school you get no education and you end up in jail (school education = no jail; no school + no education = jail). If you get an education, then the chances of become a felon or going to Jail are reduced, or even totally removed. I wholeheartedly agree with these quotes, think about how many people ar e In Jail, who has most likely never had an education. If people, who are doing time, take up studying In prison, then the chances of being released and making something out of there life is increased greatly.To all the people that don't care about school I say think about what you're doing don't make a mistake that will ruin you emotionally, financially, etc. † would you rather make zero dollar living like a bum getting arrested or would you have have money an education and avoid being arrested? Think about it; it Is your life and your choice what do with It â€Å"You Only Live Once (YOLK)†. I know this quote makes me want to make something out of my life and get an education so I have enough money to take care and me and a family In the future.Strengths (l am†¦ ) Weaknesses A good friend Food Reliable I am sensitive Loyal I am opinionated Disciplined I am argumentative Independent I am talkative Goal oriented I am clumsy Creative I am irritable (time of the month ) Helpful I am sarcastic Adventurous I am naive Easy-going I am quite Mature I am sentimental Musical I am timid Passionate I am unemotional Talented am shy Warm-hearted I am lazy Smart I am easily distracted Rutgers University is located in Newark, NJ.Rutgers offers dozens of majors and minors in arts, sciences, humanities, business, and nursing for undergraduate students, plus graduate and professional study in arts and sciences, business, law, and social work. The fees for New Jersey, Non-New Jersey Residents and for International Students are $2,781. 00 commuters and for the $2,781. 00 on- campus fee is plus room and board which is $11,578. 00. The tuition for New Jersey Residents is $10,718.The tuition of Non-New Jersey residents is $24,742. The tuition for International students is $24,742. Rutgers offers a lot of sports for women such as basketball, crew, cross country, indoor track, lacrosse outdoor track, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball. Rutgers offer a lot of inte resting clubs to Join such as Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/Publications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. Rutgers is ranked number 1 in the nation since 1997.The Rutgers campus also offers many Jobs for students on the campus. 3 major campuses which are Rutgers-New Brunswick, Rutgers-Newark, and Rutgers-Camden, with additional locations, including Rutgers Health Sciences at New Brunswick/Piscataway, Newark, Scotch Plains, Somerset, and Stratford 33 schools and colleges, including New Jerseys foremost pharmacy school. Rutgers is defiantly one of my schools of interest. William Paterson University William Paterson is located in Wayne, New Jersey.William Paterson has many majors such as accounting, art studio, art history, art-fine arts, biology, business administration, chemistry, communication, computer science, earth science, economics, education, English, environmental science, history, integrated math & science, and etc. The fees for und ergraduate part-time for In-State students is $53. 01 for campus facilities fee, $41. 36 for General Services Fee, $46. 44 for Student Services Fee, and $237. 19 for tuition. The fees for undergraduate part-time for Out-of-State students is $53. 1 for campus facilities fee, $41. 36 for General Services Fee, $46. 44 or Student Services Fee, and $485. 19 for tuition. The Undergraduate full-time for in- state students is $821. 76 for campus facilities fee, $644. 79 for General Services Fee, $61. 82 for student government association fee, $720. 12 for student service fee, and $3,710. 51 for tuition. The Undergraduate full-time for Out-of-State students is $821. 76 for campus facilities fee, $644. 79 for General Services Fee, $61. 2 for student government association fee, $720. 12 for student service fee, and $7,480. 51 for tuition. William Paterson also offers sports for women such as Basketball, Field Hockey, offer many clubs like Sports club, Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/Publ ications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. William Paterson is an expensive university but is also another school of interest. Sexton Hall University Sexton Hall University is located South Orange, NJ.Sexton Hall offers many majors such as Arts and Sciences majors, Business majors, School of Diplomacy and International Relations majors, Education and Human Services majors, Health and Medical Sciences majors, nursing majors, and Immaculate Conception Seminary majors. The fee for undergraduate tuition is $16,870 for Full-time students and Part- time students. Undergraduate University fees are $390. 00 per semester for Full-time students, $1 15. 00 per semester for Part-time student. The full time computing fee is $650. 00 per semester.The part-time technology is $100. 00 per semester. The new student fee is $300. 00. Sexton Hall also offers sports for women such as Basketball, Cross Country, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming & Diving, Tennis, and Voll eyball. Sexton also offers clubs such as Sports club, Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/ Publications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. Sexton Hall is in the top 100 universities in the nation. Sexton Hall does not offer much but I hear that they are a great university for majoring in business.This is the school I hope I can go to because of their business program. Occupation: Not working Education level (Note: in the list below, â€Å"College† refers to all degree and non-degree study at any level, including graduate and professional study): High school diploma or equivalent Same Sex Marriage â€Å"Watch your: Words; Actions; Thoughts; Character; Heart. Love as thought is truth. Love as action is right conduct. Love as understanding, is peace. Love as feeling is non- violence. † By Asthma SAA Babe.Most people say that same sex marriage is disturbing and should be illegal. However I think same sex marriage should be legal everywhe re. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. The same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. Rejecting them is a violation or religious freedom. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. As least 40% of people are gay and want to marry who they love. How come they can't marry who they love? What ever happened to rights? Gay people have rights too.LOVE is LOVE Regardless of race, religion or gender! Dir. Luis at Yale University thinks that gay people should marry whoever they love like everybody else is allowed to do. The same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. In today's financial environment, it often takes two incomes to live. A married couple shares rent, benefits, and other bills, which are often difficult for one person to take on alone. This is particularly true if a dependent errors is involved such as a child.In addition, a married couple can oft en financially support each other when times get tough, such as when one of the two is out of work. Her feet. Owning a house is often impossible without another person to share the financial burden, and owning a home is not only part of the American dream, it helps strength and community pride. Denying them is a violation of religious freedom. The main reason for rejecting marriage to gay couples is that all major religions consider homosexuality a sin; however, the First Amendment of the Constitution clearly states hat a person's religious views or lack there for must be protected.Marriage by the state is a worldly activity; the government cannot start making laws Just because a religion says they should. What's next, should we make taking the Lord's name in vain a criminal activity because Christians consider it a breaking of a commandment? Once again I like to state that I think same sex marriage should be legal everywhere. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. T he same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. Rejecting hem is a violation or religious freedom.If you want to support List's (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual) the symbol is a rainbow. Writing- Disciplinary History Have you ever been found responsible for a disciplinary violation at any educational institution you have attended from the 9th grade (or the international equivalent) forward, whether related to academic misconduct or behavioral misconduct that resulted in a disciplinary action? These actions could include, but are not limited to: probation, suspension, removal, dismissal, or expulsion from the institution. No Have o ever been adjudicated guilty or convicted of a misdemeanors, felony, or other crime? Note that you are not required to answer â€Å"yes† to this question, or provide an explanation, if the criminal adjudication or conviction has been expunged, sealed, annulled, pardoned, destroyed, erased, imp ounded, or otherwise ordered by a court to be kept confidential. : No Writing- Additional Information Please provide an answer below if you wish to provide details of circumstances or qualifications not reflected in the application. : I play sports for my high school as Softball, Blowing.I am Joined in many club in my high school such as LIMIT, Mock Trail, African American club, Hiking club, and Ski and Ride club. One of my Career choices is accounting. The required classes for this profession are introduction to financial Accounting, Introduction to Managerial accounting, Accounting for engineers, Intermediate Accounting l, Intermediate Accounting II, Advance Accounting, Concepts of Auditing, Income Tax Accounting, Topics in Income Taxation, Cost Accounting, Accounting Information Systems, Analysis of Financial Statements, Independent Project in Accounting, Honors project in Accounting.The average salary for accounting is $31,087 through $65,739. This is well-paying career I am ver y much interested in. I want to take up accounting because I enjoy math very much, math is my best subject and I never had a hard time with math. Accounting is a career where you help people with taxes, housing, income, payments, etc. Computer science Another career choice of mine is Computer science. The required classes for this profession are six course in computer science, three course in mathematics, at least five of the electives, and physics courses or Chemistry courses.The average salary for his profession is $79,000. This is another well-paying profession I am interested in. I would like this career because it use math and once again I enjoy math. It also involves computers and love learning new stuff about computer I even repair my home computer when it gets or virus or crashes. Computer scientists apply their knowledge of information theory and computation to computer systems. Computer scientists usually focus on theory while computer engineers focus on hardware.Areas of computer science include programming, software engineering, information theory, algorithms, databases and graphics. Important subjects related to computer science include physics, algebra, calculus and English. Good computer scientists have strong analytical, problem solving and logic skills. Communication skills are also an important part of computer science. A bachelor's degree is sufficient for a number of jobs related to computer science but higher level roles often require a PhD.Our increasing reliance on computer systems makes computer science a growing field with computer scientists typically being sought after and receiving high salaries. Mathematics is my final career choice. The required classes for this profession are plies anatomy and physiology, field biology, general chemistry l, general chemistry II, computer and information technology, seminar in integrated science, environmental suitability, calculus l, calculus II, logic method of higher mathematics, linear algebra , foundations of geometry, and introduction to physics.The average salary for this career is $44,197. Compared to my career choice this is not the best paying one but it is well paying. Mathematics is a combination of my favorite subject's math, and science. Math has always been easy for me this why I would like to have a career that involves math of some sort. Math is Just number and common sense to me to other math is confusing. I can't even remember the last time I got confused in math that's how easy it is for me.

Gender Non-Conformity

Most p atomic number 18nt think when they test their discussion performing dolls and having delights with fashion has trend to become a gay and so with girls who argon nearly fun of playing ballgames with boys has the possibility to become a lesbian when they grow older.The American society off-key that at that place be only cardinal sex preferences, priapic and female. Sex refers to whether male or female, feminine of masculine. Gender sometimes is closely interchange with sex. This is the misconception our society had. though gender is related to sex and both subscribe distinct visibility. We have the so called low and high maleness and vise versa on females. Boys who do what girls commonly do such as, cleaning the house, training, doing the laundry, give way to the low class masculine and boys who are irritated with a girl thing, do not even wash their profess underwear or even perplex their bed belong to the high masculinity and vise versa with girls. But this d oesnt take to be that those who are in the low masculinity are said to be gays, only that they can live by themselves.The hesitancy why parents are more accept of a teen woman exhibiting a wish for truck and sports earlier than a son exhibiting a liking for playing dolls and cooking is that parents are more centered to a sons development rather than a daughters. It is because of the man identity. A boy when he grows older must be strong, straight, focus and a builder. He has to nominate and protect his family. Girls are truly meticulous, gentle, caring and etc. A mother, who sees her daughter playing sports with boys, doing hard chores that are intend for boys may feel more genial believing that her child is strong and undetermined of doing things in both genders. Aside from that, gays are very expressive. They want to feel corresponding a woman who is too unwieldy to look at rather that a girl wearing jeans and loose shirts. gibe to Throckmorton, a psychology professor at Grove City College, Pennsylvania, people who have ont conform with gender norms are like homosexual. According to the study, children who grow up to be heterosexual typically go through a stage where they perceive the opposite sex as dissimilar from themselves, or exotic, and ultimately transition into beholding members of the opposite sex as erotic. If a child is gender non-conforming, then he or she is likely to perceive members of the very(prenominal) sex as different from themselves, and eventually develop an erotic attraction to members of the kindred sex later in life. He also stated that parents should avoid the learning ability that if their son doesnt have all interest in baseball that in that location is something wrong with him. (Lee, 2006)The blackball responses to the expressions of non-traditional gender way in young males are functional in the society. It is very obvious that there is discrimination and abuse. Gays and lesbians are fighting for their rights until these days. This negative expression greatly affects on young boys. Acceptance for non-conformity of gender among boys is rarely seen in our society. Good for those who belong to a family that support him whatever and whoever he may be. in that respect are many reasons to encourage a full range of gendered behavior in sons and daughters. One of this is role modeling. We should always return that children learn from what you are and not what you say. Your possess practice is always the greatest influence. This is the most basic responsibility of the parents.The greatest parenting take exception lies in being responsible for guiding, teaching, and spur track your child toward his best self-which includes the need to throwaway his mistakes and help him correct them- while concurrently accepting and loving him as he exist now, before his faults are rectified. (Bobbie Sandoz) rolePsychological, Anthropological and Sociological Foundations of Education, Alicia S. Bustos, Socorro c. Espiritu Katha Publishing Co., Inc. 1996The oral communication of Parenting Blue Mountain PressSPS Studios, Inc., 2001http//www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/ word of honor/ interior(a)/gender.cfmhttp//cjwww.csustan.edu/hatecrimes/99/anti-gay/anti-gay%20web.htmlhttp//www.lambda.org/youth_suicide.htmhttp//www.southernvoice.com/2006/4-7/news/national/gender.cfmhttp//www.youth-suicide.com/gay-bisexual/construction/6-gay-youth-suicide-feminine-males.htm

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.